How Does Medications Like Ozempic & Mounjaro Improve Diabetes Control?

Incretin-based therapies such as Ozempic® (a GLP-1 receptor agonist) and Mounjaro® (a dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist) are among the most effective treatments for type 2 diabetes. Unlike older medications that target a single pathway, these therapies improve blood sugar control through multiple complementary mechanisms that address key drivers of diabetes.

How GLP-1 Works in the Body

GLP-1 is a natural hormone released by the gut after eating. GLP-1 medications mimic this hormone and help regulate blood sugar in several key ways:

• Increase insulin release "when blood sugar is high", reducing the risk of hypoglycemia.
• Suppress glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar.
• Slow gastric emptying, leading to smaller post-meal glucose spikes
• Reduce appetite, supporting weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity

Impact on Blood Sugar and A1C

Because GLP-1 medications act on both fasting and post-meal glucose levels, many patients experience:

• Significant A1C reduction (often 1–2%)
• More stable blood sugar throughout the day
• Fewer glucose spikes after meals

This makes GLP-1 therapy especially helpful for patients who struggle with fluctuating or poorly controlled diabetes.

Additional Metabolic Benefits

Beyond glucose control, GLP-1 medications often lead to:

• Weight loss
• Improved insulin resistance
• Better blood pressure and cholesterol profiles
• Reduced cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes

Final Takeaway

GLP-1 medications improve diabetes control by addressing both blood sugar regulation and the underlying metabolic drivers of disease. When used under medical supervision, they offer a safe and effective option for patients who need better glycemic control and long-term metabolic improvement.

GLP1 Agonists are contraindicated in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma, History of Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome Type 2 (MEN2)